4th Group 20th Century

20th Century Music, Theater and Dance

comparing late 20th century German music with United States' music

THE ERA: 80's

bruce springsteen

peter maffay

. . . Need I say more?

Enough of the funny business in 20th century Germany music was mainly controlled for the first half of the century.  Many german composers left to the United States when the nazi party was in control.  The nazi party set out to rid of any art that had any link to Jewish culture. Many musicians and play writers  left in fear of persecution do to over analyzation.  In the second half of the 20th century west german composers focused on the more avant garde style and in east germany composers were told to focus on keeping up with the tenets of socialist realism, Socialist realism is a style of realistic art which was developed in the Soviet Union and became a dominant style in other communist countries. Socialist realism is a teleologically-oriented style having its purpose the furtherance of the goals of socialism and communism. Although related, it should not be confused with social realism, a type of art that realistically depicts subjects of social concern. Unlike social realism, socialist realism often glorifies the roles of the poor. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Realism)

underground music scene

during the war and post war

Folk music in the East German regime was promoted  as long as it was what they saw as an expression of pure German tradition, and a tool for spreading party propaganda.

In both East and West Germany, folk songs called volkslieder were taught to children; these were popular, sunny and optimistic, and had little relation to authentic German folk traditions. Inspired by American and English roots revivals, Germany underwent many of the same changes following the 1968 student revolution in West Germany, and new songs, featuring political activism and realistic joy, sadness and passion, were written and performed on the burgeoning folk scene. In East Germany, the same process did not begin until the mid-70s, when folk musicians began incorporating revolutionary ideas in coded songs.

Evaluation Nov. 30th

my list is here

3rd Group 20th Century

20th Century Rulers and Government 

Weimar Republic (1918-1933)
The Weimar Republic is referred to as a period in German History between 1918 and 1933 when the government was a democratic republic governed by a constitution that was laid out in the German city Weimar.
-during this time period there was 6 chancellors
-made to replace the imperial government
-officially named Deutsches Reich meaning/translated to the german Empire or Realm
-they wrote a new constitution which was adopted August 11, 1919
-it was over thrown by the Nazis

Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic
The hyperinflation was a three-year period in Germany between June 1921 and July 1924.  The hyperinflation episode in the Weimar Republic in the 1920's was not the first, nor the only in Europe.  Many of the economic behaviors now associated with hyperinflation were first documented in Germany.  Hyperinflation is widely believed to have contributed to the Nazi takeover of germany and Adolf Hitlers rise to power.
-Dawes plan:
relied on money from US in 1924 but soon realized they couldn't pay back such a large sum of money
-Young plan:
reduced payments to allow better payment plans.  Lowered to a half billion gold marks which in 1929 was about 8 million in the US. now days it is 103 billion.

The Treaty of Versailles
The treaty of versailees is one of the most controversial international agreements.  Many people have tended to blame the rise of the Nazis on versailles.
-financial impact:
the treaty blamed Germany for the first world war.  As a result of this Germany was also held accountable for the cost of the war.  The treaty dictated that compensations would have to be paid to the Allies.  That they would have to make monthly payments that would total 6,600 million Euros.
-Political Impact:
The treaty triggered a number of political reactions.  First, the government of the day resigned, having refused to sign the treaty agreement.  Second, the incoming government had no choice but to sign the treaty.  For doing so, they were accused by some of stabbing the German people in the back.

2nd Group 20th Century

20th Century Literature and Poems

Writers and Poets of 20^th Century Germany

By: Matt Dehn, Miranda Scherer, Lacey Harp, Robert Niehoff, 

Tom Monson, Angela Balcome, Tim Cox and Starsha Vang

Pre war(1900-1914)

Expressionism

Built up emotions that lead to war

Reaction of Conditions

New Objectivism

A better lifestyle?

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/230881/German-literature

War Era 1915-1945

Much written about this era!

Expressionism Era Effected

NAZI CONTROL

Book Burning Hyperlink

POST WAR(1945-1959)

Much writing about holocaust survival

Aftermath of War

Depressing

Hans Fallada

Born in Greifswald in 1893

Pseudonyms come from Grimm Fairy Tales

Died in 1947 at 54 years of age

Works include

Little Man- What Now?

Alone in Berlin

Little Man- What Now?

Published in 1932

Made into a Movie- released in US in 1934

Alone in Berlin

Published in 1947

Based on true story

Became bestseller in US/UK when translated into English

Thomas Kling

Poet

Wrote Manhatten Mouthspace about 9/11 disaster

Died in 2005

Anna Seghers/ Netty Reiling

Born as Netty Reiling in Mainz

Studied Philology (study of language), History and Sinology (study of classical language and literature) at Heidelber in Cologne.

Published Die Gefährten in 1932 warning about fascism. Leading to her arrest and later working for an anti-fascist magazine.

In 1950 she was a co-founder of the GDR.

Died in 1983

Günter Eich

Born February 1, 1907 in Lebus, Brandenburg

Served in German Army during WWII

Poet, Playwrite, Author

Died 1972

Works of Günter Eich

Rebellion in der Goldstadt (1940)

Züge im Nebel (1947)

Abgelegene Gehöfte (1948)

Träume. Vier Spiele (1953)

Das Jahr Lazertis (1954)

Botschaften des Regens (1955) 

Stimmen (1958)

Zu den Akten (1964)

Anlässe und Steingärten (1966)

Maulwürfe (1968)

Ein Tibeter in Meinem

Büro (1970)

Nach Seumes Papieren (1972)

Erich Remarque

Born 1898

Wrote All Quiet on the Western Front after his experience on the Western front

Left Germany in 1931

In 1933 the Nazi’s banned and destroyed all copies of All Quiet on the Western Front

In 1943 the Nazi party arrested his sister for ‘undermining morale’. She was sentenced to death by guillotine

Other Works of Erich Remarque

The Road Back 

Three Comrades

Arch of Triumph

A Spark of Life

Time to Live and Time to Die

Christa Wolf

Born March 18, 1929 in Brandenburg

Literacy Critic, Novelist, Essayist

One of the best-known writers from East Germany

First recipient of the German Book Prize

Best known work was with Der Geteilte Himmel (1963)

Anne Frank

Born June 12, 1929

German-Jewish teen, forced into hiding during the Holocaust

Spent 25 months above her father’s office in Amsterdam

In March, 1945, 9 months after she and her family was found. Anne Frank died of typhus at the age of 15.

Her Diary was published in 1947, later becoming one of the most widely read books in the world

Aldona Gustas

Born in Lithuania March 2, 1932

Moved to Berlin in 1941

Published 11 books of poetry between 1962-1980. 

Main theme being Love

Received Rahel Varnhagen Medal in 1997. 

Erich Kastner

Born in Dresden on February 23, 1899

Author, Screenwriter

Satire

Humorous Poetry

Children’s Literature

Drafted in WWI at 18 years old

Published Emil Und Die Detektive (1928)- Best-known children’s book

Novel Fabian (1931) made into movie released in 1980

Alfred Döblin 

Worked at Journalist in Berlin

Won Fontane Prize for Die drei Sprünge des Wang-Lung (1915)

Was German Army doctor during WWI

Became President of German Writers Association in 1924

Most famous work was Berlin Alexanderplatz (1929)

Worked for MGM Studios in USA in 1940 before moving to France in 1945

Sources

http://www.lituanus.org/1981_4/81_4_07.htm#Ref

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldona_Gustas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Doblin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Doeblin

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_K%C3%A4stner

http://www.mertin-litag.de/authors_htm/Hilsenrath-E.htm 

http://www.nndb.com/people/079/000163587/

 http://www.mscd.edu/~mdl/gerresources/frauen/aseghers.htm

 http://www.dialoginternational.com/dialog_international/2010/04/national-poetry-month-.html

http://klappentexterin.wordpress.com/category/fundstucke/page/2/  

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christa_Wolf

http://maps.thefullwiki.org/Christa_Wolf

http://www.thewiplist.com/celebrity/Christa+Wolf_10634129/

http://hansfallada.com/

http://hansfallada.com/wp-content/themes/arthemia/scripts/timthumb.php?src=/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Fallada_1_DW_Kultur_818266g.jpg&w=300&h=275&zc=1&q=100

 http://germany.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=2219

http://www.annefrank.com/who-is-anne-frank/ 

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque

http://www.annefrank.com/who-is-anne-frank/

1st Group 20th century

20^th Century Roles of Men and Women in Society

By: Tom Monson, Miranda Scherer, Robert Niehoff, Matt Dehn, 

Tim Cox, Angela Balcome, Sarsha Vang, Monica Riebe, Brett Clark- Hedlof

Military Roles

Men

All men age 18-23 were obligated to go through a nine month training before going into war 

There are approximately 200,000 soldiers that are considered professional and 300,000 that are more civilian, but are on reserve and are able to become active at any given time

Some men were forced into war through guilt or shame of their family and friends during WWI and WWII

All major German military and political leaders were men

Military roles

Women

In WWII Women took on the more traditional roles that men had filled.

During WWII Women tended to the sick and wounded, buried the dead, cleared the streets of rubble and ruins and salvaged what they could.

In 1975, German women were sought out to join the military, mostly as nurses

Political Roles

1919- Women receive the right to vote

1949- Basic Law made men and women equal, but until 1957 this law wasn’t amended into the civil code

Domestic Roles

Women

the three "K" words: Kirche, Kinder and Küche. (church, children and cooking) 

Also, women were meant to bear “Aryan” children and were taught to do so through aggressive propaganda.

East German society

East Germany

Women remained working

Laws were revised to accommodate working mothers and many daycares opened up

Abortion was legalized for the 1^st trimester

East Germany relied on women due to the number of males fleeing to West Germany

90% of women made up the workforce and ½ of the German Trade Union Federation

West German Society

West Germany

After WWII women became homemakers again because the men were back from war

West women wanted the same rights as east women (abortion, working rights, education)

Education

Primarily male driven at first

More then half of the people getting a secondary education was women after 1977

East women were more educated then west, because west women wanted to keep the traditional role

In 1980 women were just as qualified as men

Work Force 

Women’s salary was still only about 65-78% of the male salary

Women could not hold top positions

Most women still worked the traditional jobs, such as school teachers and nurses

Sources

Sources
http://womenshistory.about.com/library/ency/blwh_germany_women.htm

http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/weekly/aa080601c.htm
http://www.warandgender.com/wgwomwwi.htm
http://www.mygermancity.com/german-military
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005205
http://womenshistory.about.com/library/ency/blwh_germany_women.htm
http://www.fsmitha.com/h2/g-wm.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_roles_in_the_World_Wars
http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/matahari.htm
http://womenshistory.about.com/library/ency/blwh_germany_women.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_issues_in_Germany#Gender_roles_and_demographics
http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,702895,00.html
http://www.germanyandafrica.diplo.de/Vertretung/pretoria__dz/en/03__BD/New__women__managment.html 

The Roles of Women and Men in German Society during the 20th Century

Women in 20th Century German Society 

1910- Clara Zetkin organized the first International Women's Day.  Clara Zetkin was a German socialist politician 

1919-  women got the right to vote

During WWII- held positions usually held by men

After WWII- cleaned up destruction caused by the war, tend to the wounded and buried the dead.

1949- in West Germany, the Basic Law declared that men and women were equal, but it was not until 1957 the the civil code was amended.

1950’s- in West Germany women could be dismissed form civil service when they married, marriage was ideal event hough there was a shortage in young men after the war, men were the breadwinners and women stayed at home

-in East Germany however, women remained in the workforce. Marriage and family laws also had been rewritten to accommodate working mothers. Abortion was legalized and funded by the state in the first trimester of pregnancy. A system of social supports, such as day-care for children, were also put in place to permit women to be both mothers and workers. Women also obtained a higher education while working and keeping house.

1960’s- East German women accounted for about half of all secondary school graduates who had prepared to study at institutes of higher learning in the GDR(German Democratic Republic).

1970’s- the women's movement gathered momentum, having emerged as an outgrowth of student protests in the late 1960s

-the movement succeeded in having legislation passed in 1977 that granted a woman equal rights in marriage. A woman could work outside the home and file for divorce without her husband's permission.

-women also attended college and grad school for professions in medicine, law, etc...

1980’s- A national office for women's affairs was created in West Germany in 1980 and gradually women came to occupy positions of power and prestige. Women worked towards equality in the workforce.

-1988, women constituted a little more than one-third of the total membership of the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany.

1990’s- Rita Süssmuth, president of the Bundestag

2000’s- until 2001 women were barred from serving in combat units in the Bundewehr(Federal Defence Force), being restricted to the medical service and the administration.

Women hard at work in a German armaments factory (World War II) 

www.ipernity.com/ doc/57114/7535834

Men in 20th Century German Society

WWII- men served in the war. The ones that did not serve in the armed forces served in some other job that supported the German army

1950’s- young men were in shortage after the war and were needed to start families. Males were the breadwinners of the family.

Despite significant gains, discrimination remains in united Germany. Income inequalities 

persist: a woman's wages and salaries range between 65 percent and 78 percent of a man's for many positions. In most fields, women do not hold key positions. Generally, the higher the position, the more powerful is male dominance.

Berlin Calling

The main character in the movie, Martin(a.ka. Ickarus), takes drugs to relax.  His life is pretty hectic and he takes pills that relaxes him and makes him sleep.  He also takes what looks like cocaine and that would be taken to wake up and do his job.  While he djs he takes MDMA and other pills.  Ickarus' fans also take uppers during his shows so they can party and dance all night.  The subculture that Ickarus is in focuses on drugs mainly to party and let go of everyday stuff.  Sex, drugs, and rock 'n' roll seem to go together in any culture.  Berlin Calling depicts the majority of the people in my subculture the difference however is that the standard in my home society is drug free and family is always first, some still feel the need to take excessive amount of drugs in order to express themselves. Similar U.S. movies would be Blow, and Casino however, these movies are still nothing like Berlin Calling in the sense that it is less censored.

Europe is always a couple steps ahead of the United States when it comes to party experimental type drugs and party dance trance music stuff but other than that the Untied States culture is just as much the same as European culture. Cult movie culture however is different in the United States than in Europe because movies in the United States are more censored than in Europe. 

I connected this movie to the book/movie, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, especially when he was in the rehab facility. Some of the connections I made were to do with the Nurse and Ickarus' relationship.  Many would think that the nurse is the bad person hurting the patient with weird pills that don't help but instead cause pain.  However the nurse is just trying everything possible to help the patient and yes sometimes in order to get off of drugs one must take other drugs to help.  This movie actually depicts majority of the people in my subculture which is music festivals and other music based social society.  The only difference between the United States festival subculture and the Europe subculture is that they are different countries and that is it for the most part.  Mainly in my subculture it's a drug free vibe and everyone believes that everyone is family and such but some feel the need to take excessive amount of drugs in order to express themselves just like in many other cultures.  I enjoyed watching this movie and enjoyed the class discussion after as well. I have seen it once before a long time ago but did not notice until about mid way through the movie.  It was interesting watching at an older age and having experienced such concerts that Ickarus performs.